PREFACE
TO THE REVISED EDITION:
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the
thoroughly revised edition to my esteemed readers. In the present edition
entire text has been re-written in a lucid manner without altering the basic
structure and retaining the salient features of earlier editions. Illustrative
examples and Exercises given at the end of every section/sub-section in each
chapter have been arranged in the increasing order of difficulty level and have
been categorized in to the following categories:
BASIC-Based on basic concepts and formulae
LOTS-Based on lower order thinking skills
HOTS - Based on higher order thinking skills
At the end of each chapter Exercises consisting of
large number of Fill in the Blank Type Questions (FBQs) and Very Short Answer
Type Questions (VSAQs) have been given.
Some new and unique features of this book are:
Detailed theory with illustrations
Algorithmic approach
Large number of Graded Solved Examples
Large number of FBQS, VSAQs
Large number of Graded Exercises
I also avail this opportunity to thank Sh. Ish Kanpur
for his painstaking efforts and cooperation in bringing out this book in such
an excellent form.
Every effort has been made to make this edition error
free, some printing errors might have crept in inadvertently. I shall be
grateful to the teachers and students if the same are brought to my notice. Any
suggestions/criticism to enhance to quality of the book will be gratefully
acknowledged. Feedback or queries can be sent through e-mail to
rdsmath.feedback@gmail.com.
Dr. R.D. SHARMA
MATHEMATICS-IX
CONTENTS
IN BRIEF
1. NUMBER
SYSTEM 1.1-1.30
2. EXPONENTS OF REAL NUMBERS 2.1-2.26
3. RATIONALISATION 3.1-3.16
4. ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES 4.1-4.26
5. FACTORIZATION OF ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS 5.1-5.21
6. FACTORIZATION OF POLYNOMIALS 6.1-6.28
7. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 7.1-7.5
8. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES 8.1-8.8
9. INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S
GEOMETRY 9.1-9.9
10. LINES AND ANGLES 10.1-10.34
11. TRIANGLES 11.1-11.43
12. QUADRILATERALS 12.1-12.53
13. CIRCLES 13.1-13.72
14. HERON'S FORMULA 14.1-14.21
15. SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE 15.1-15.17
16. SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A
SPHERE 16.1-16.19
17. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
STATISTICAL DATA 17.1-17.28
MATHEMATICS-IX
CONTENTS IN DELAIL
1.
NUMBER SYSTEM............................................................................................................1.1-1.30
1.1 Introduction 1.1
1.2 Brief review of numbers 1.1
1.3 Decimal representation of rational
numbers 1.5
1.4 Conversion of decimal numbers into
rational numbers of the form 1.11
1.5 Irrational numbers 1.19
1.6 Some useful results on irrational
numbers 1.21
1.7 Representing irrational numbers on the
number line 1.27
1.8 Real numbers and real number line 1.28
1.9 Existence of square root of a positive
real number 1.28
2. EXPONENTS OF REAL NUMBERS.........................................................................................2.1-2.26
2.1 Introduction 2.1
2.2 Integral exponents of a real
number 2.1
2.3 Laws of integral exponents 2.1
2.4 Rational exponents of a real
number 2.11
2.5 Laws of rational exponents 2.12
3. RATIONALISATION.....................................................................................................................3.1-3.16
3.1 Introduction 3.1
3.2 Some identities 3.1
3.3 Rationalization of denominator 3.2
4. ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES............................................................................................................4.1-4.26
4.1 Introduction 4.1
4.2 Recall of identities 4.1
4.3 Identity for the square of a trinomial 4.7
4.4 Identity for the cube of a binomial 4.11
4.5 Sum and difference of cubes 4.18
4.6 One more identity 4.22
5. FACTORIZATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS...............................................................5.1-5.21
5.1 Introduction 5.1
5.2 Recall of work done earlier 5.1
5.3 Factorization of algebraic expressions
expressible as the sum or difference of two cubes 5.8
5.4 Factorization by using the formulae for
the cube of a binomial 5.12
5.5 Factorization of algebraic expressions
of the form a² + b²+c²-3abc 5.14
5.6 Factorization of sum of the cubes when
their sum is zero 5.17
6. FACTORIZATION OF POLYNOMIALS.........................................................................................6.1-6.28
6.1 Some definitions 6.1
6.2 Zeros (roots) of a polynomial
6.4
63 Remainder theorem
6.8
6.4 Factor theorem
6.13
6.5 Factorization of polynomials by using
factor theorem 6:21
7. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY..............................................................................................................7.1-7.5
7.1 Introduction 7.1
7.2 Rectangular or Cartesian Co-ordinates
of a point
7.2
8. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES..............................................................................8.1-8.8
8.1 Introduction 8.1
8.2 Linear equations in two variables
8.1
8.3 Solution of a linear equation 8.3
9. INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY..................................................................................9.1-99
9.1 Introduction 9.1
9.2 Axioms (postulates) and theorems 9.1
9.3 Some undefined terms 9.1
9.4 Incidence properties of points and
lines 9.2
9.5 Parallel lines and intersecting lines 9.3
9.6 Line segment 9.5
9.7 Length axioms of line segments 9.6
9.8 Ray, half-line, line separation 9.6
9.9 Half-plane 9.7
10. LINES AND ANGLES..........................................................................................................................10.1-10.34
10.1 Angles 10.1
10.2 Measure of an angle 10.2
10.3 Types of angles 10.2
10.4 Some angle relations 10.5
10.5 Angles made by a transversal with two
lines
10.17
11. TRIANGLES.......................................................................................................................................11.1-11.43
11.1 Introduction 11.1
11.2 Triangle 11.2
11.3 Congruence of line segments 11.2
11.4 Congruence of angles 11.2
11.5 Congruence of triangles
11.2
11.6 Sufficient conditions (criteria) for
congruence of triangles 11.4
12. QUADRILATERALS.......................................................................................................................12.1-12.53
12.1 Introduction
12.1
12.2 Quadrilateral and some terms
associated to it 12.1
12.3 Various types of quadrilaterals 12.2
12.4 Properties of a parallelogram 12.2
12.5 Sufficient conditions for a Quadrilateral
to be a Parallelogram 12.15
12.6 Properties of Rectangles, Rhombi and a
Squares
12.27
12.7 The mid-point theorem
12.34
13. CIRCLES..........................................................................................................................................13.1-13.72
13.1 Introduction 13.1
13.2 Circle and terms related to a circle 13.1
13.3 Chord and arc properties of
circles 13.6
13.4 Some useful properties of equal
chords 13.24
13.5 Arcs and angles subtended by them
13.32
13.6 Properties of a cyclic
quadrilateral 13.50
14. HERON'S FORMULA......................................................................................................................14.1-14.21
14.1 Introduction 14.1
14.2 Heron's formula
14.2
14.3 Some applications of Heron's
formula 14.10
15. SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A RIGHT CIRCULAR
CONE..................................15.1-15.17
15.1 Introduction
15.1
15.2 Right circular cone
15.1
15.3 Surface area of a right circular
cone 15.2
15.4 Volume of a right circular cone 15.7
16. SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A SPHERE....................................................................16.1-16.19
16.1 Introduction 16.1
16.2 Sphere 16.1
16.3 Section of a sphere by a plane 16.1
16.4 Surface area of a sphere, hemi-sphere
and spherical shell 16.2
16.5 Volumes of a sphere, a hemisphere and
a spherical shell 16.7
17. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL
DATA................................................17.1-17.28
17.1 Introduction
17.1
17.2 Bar graph
17.1
17.3 Reading and interpretation of bar
graphs 17.2
17.4 Construction of bar graphs 17.10
17.5 Bar graphs and their
constructions
17.10
17.6 Histogram
17.17
17.7 Frequency polygon
17.23
What Will You Learn?
- Minimum 50%
Requirements
- Class 8th must be passed.
Curriculum
- Chapter - 1 (Number System)
- Chapter - 2 (Exponents Of Real Numbers)
- Chapter - 3 (Rationalization)
- Chapter - 4 (Algebraic Identities)
- Chapter - 5 (Factorization Of Algebraic Expressions)
- Chapter - 6 (Factorization Of Polynomials)
- Chapter - 7 (Co-ordinate Geometry)
- Chapter - 8 (Linear Equations In Two Variables)
- Chapter - 9 (Introduction To Euclid's Geometry)
- Chapter - 10 (Lines and Angles)
- Chapter - 11 (Triangles)
- Chapter - 12 (Quadrilaterals)
- Chapter - 13 Circles (Part - 1)
- Chapter - 13 Circles (Part - 2)
- Chapter - 14 (Heron's Formula)
- Chapter - 15 (Surface Area and Volume of a Right Circular Cone)
- Chapter - 16 (Surface Area and Volume of a Sphere)
- Chapter - 17 (Graphical Representation Of Statistical Data)